Essay on The Risk Management Process - 1896 Words

Risk Management Process Identify Risk Risk identification, focuses on identifying which risks will affect a project, by looking at the project plan, the work breakdown structure, the project charter and other project related documents (PMBOK, 2008). Broad risk categories are human resources, technology changes, quality and performance issues, customers, vendors, management, funding, political, legal, market forces and environmental issues (PMBOK, 2008). Risk identification involves forward and creative thinking by project stakeholders (Hilson, 2003). Risk identification, should be done on a continuous basis and project team members and stakeholders should look for new issues that may affect the success of the project (Brewer Dittman,†¦show more content†¦Hilson (2003) indicated that opportunities are ignored in this process, however since he wrote this book in 2003 and based on the latest Project Management Body of Knowledge Book (2008) with regards to risk identification we see opportunity and treats are ident ified. Risks are both known and unknown and project managers need to minimize treats and maximize opportunities (PMBOK, 2008). Brewer Dittman (2009), indicated that the Delphi technique uses experts to identify and resolve issues and when used many of these issues are resolved because members do not meet face-to-face. The process becomes anonymous reducing interference of egos and personal problems. As stated by Fleming (2005), the Delphi Technique is an option to aid the project team to brainstorm ideas anonymously, and participants are unknown to each other. Electronic communication, are used to communicate with the group with a facilitator, and questions are presented electronically to each participant who then generates ideas and sends them electronically to the facilitator. The responses accumulated into one list by the facilitator who redistributes it for team comments until a final agreement reached (PMBOK, 2008). Organizations and project managers can look at past project h istory with documented historical data, to identify risk pitfalls by learning from the mistakes of other projects (PMBOK,Show MoreRelatedRisk Management Process Is Risk1436 Words   |  6 PagesRisk management is developed in order to reduce the likelihood of possible events that have negative effects for patients, staffs and the organization; to reduce the risk of death and injury or disease for patients, staffs, and others as result of services provided; to improve patient outcomes; to manage resources effectively; and to support legislative compliance and to ensure organizational viability and development. In order to achieve these goals, risk management teams should follow the fourRead MoreRisks Of A Risk Management Process1208 Words   |  5 PagesEvery day businesses face the challenge of being exposed to potential risks. Whether these risks are internal to the company financially, damaged caused to the interior or exterior of the building itself, or lawsuits due to liabilit y losses, businesses have a responsibility to be prepared. There are numerous ways for businesses to protect themselves from possible risks resulting from a loss. Risks may also vary depending on the type of business and operations it conducts. Not all companies will beRead MoreRisk Management Process1617 Words   |  7 Pages4 DESCRIPTION 4 RISK MANAGEMENT FLOW 5 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 6 RISK TRACKING PROCESS 7 Identify Risks 7 Assess and Prioritize Risks 7 Determine Course of Action 8 Review and Monitor Risks 8 RISK MANAGEMENT LOG ENTRY DEFINITIONS 9 PROCESS ASSISTANCE, QUESTIONS, OR RECOMMENDATIONS 10 APPENDIX A: RISK MANAGEMENT LOG 11 Document Overview Purpose The purpose of this Risk Management Process document is: †¢ To provide a framework to track and monitor project risks throughout the projectRead MoreThe Risk Management Process1424 Words   |  6 PagesTHE METHODS OF RISK ASSESSMENT: Risk management process: This process is known as risk management and involves the four steps set out in this code: †¢ Identify Hazards – find out what could cause harm †¢ Assess Risks – understand the nature of the harm that could be caused by the hazard, how serious the harm could be and the likelihood of it happening †¢ Control Risks – implement the most effective control measure that is reasonably practicable in the circumstances †¢ Review Control Measures – toRead MoreRisk Management Process : Identifying The Risk1234 Words   |  5 PagesThere are five steps of the risk management process: identifying the risk, analyzing the risk, evaluate the risk, treat the risk, and monitor or review the risk (â€Å"What Are the 5 Risk Management Process Steps?†). Step one would be to identify the risk. This step involves finding all the possible potential losses. There are some major issues that can cause a risk in risk management, such as, worker compensation, climate change, and increasing cost. A risk manager can use a variety of information toRead MoreSecurity Risks And Risk Management Process1263 Words   |  6 Pagesand hazards periodically. In order to provide security, the information has to adapt to certain risk analysis and management techniques which has to be done dynamically with the changes in environment. This paper briefly describes about analyzing the security risks and risk managem ent processes to be followed for electronic health records to ensure privacy and security. Overview of Security Risk Management: Security is being free from threats. The term can be used with reference to crime, accidentsRead MoreTechnology And Risk Management Process1297 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Innovation and the â€Å"Change† process have gripped the clinical research Industry in the last few years. Evolution in technology and Risk Management processes consequently lead to release of the latest International Council of harmonization (ICH) Good Clinical practice (GCP) E6 R2 step 4 on Nov 30 2016. Other highlights of the Research Industry are revision to the â€Å"Common Rule† â€Å"to reduce burden, delay and ambiguity for investigators†, the Food and Drug administration (FDA) encouragingRead MoreTechnology And Risk Management Process1299 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Innovation and the â€Å"Change† process have gripped the clinical research Industry in the last few years. Evolution in technology and Risk Management processes consequently lead to release of the latest International Council of Harmonization (ICH) Good Clinical Practice (GCP) E6 R2 step 4 in Nov 2016. Change in the Clinical Research landscape also lead to revisions towards modernization and reinforcement of the â€Å"Common Rule† in Jan 2017 besides the Food and Drug administration’s (FDA)Read MoreRisk Management Process Section Of Management2300 Words   |  10 Pagesof the Risk Management Process section of the Risk Management Plan based on the facts presented in the case study Risk management process is an important aspect of the organization. There are various threats that may impede the organization’s success. For example, the scenario in the case study may make the company lose a number of loyal customers; hence, reduction in sales revenue. The scope and objectives of the risk management process should be in line with the overall risk management plan. TheyRead MoreEssay on Risk Management Process1603 Words   |  7 Pages Purpose The purpose of this Risk Management Process document is: †¢ To provide a framework to track and monitor project risks throughout the project lifecycle †¢ Establish roles and responsibilities of all participants in the process Scope This process will be used by the entire project team. As such, this document defines the Risk Management process and flow for a project. Description A risk is any factor that may potentially interfere with a successful completion of a project by having

Life and Work of Herbert Spencer

Herbert Spencer was a British philosopher and sociologist who was intellectually active during the Victorian period. He was known for his contributions to evolutionary theory and for applying it outside of biology, to the fields of philosophy, psychology, and within sociology. In this work, he coined the term survival of the fittest.  In addition, he helped develop the functionalist perspective, one of the major theoretical frameworks in sociology. Early Life and Education Herbert Spencer was born in Derby, England on April 27, 1820. His father, William George Spencer, was a rebel of the times and cultivated in Herbert an anti-authoritarian attitude. George, as his father was known, was the founder of a school that used unconventional teaching methods and was a contemporary of Erasmus Darwin, grandfather of Charles. George focused Herberts early education on science, and simultaneously, he was introduced to philosophical thinking through Georges membership in the Derby Philosophical Society. His uncle, Thomas Spencer, contributed to Herberts education by instructing him in mathematics, physics, Latin, and free-trade and libertarian political thinking. During the 1830s Spencer worked as a civil engineer while the railways were being constructed throughout Britain, but also spent time writing in radical local journals. Career and Later Life Spencers career became focused on intellectual matters in 1848  when he became an editor for  The Economist, the now widely-read weekly magazine that was first published in England in 1843. While working for the magazine through 1853, Spencer also wrote his first book,  Social Statics, and published it in 1851. Titled for a concept of August Comte, in this work, Spencer used Lamarcks ideas about evolution and applied them to society, suggesting that people adapt to the social conditions of their lives. Because of this, he argued, social order would follow, and so the rule of a political state would be unnecessary. The book was considered a work of libertarian political philosophy, but also, is what makes Spencer a founding thinker of the functionalist perspective within sociology. Spencers second book,  Principles of Psychology, was published in 1855 and made the argument that natural laws govern the human mind. At about this time, Spencer began to experience significant mental health problems that limited his ability to work, interact with others, and function in society. Despite this, he began work on a major undertaking, which culminated in the nine-volume  A System of Synthetic Philosophy. In this work, Spencer elaborated on how the principle of evolution had been applied within not only biology, but in psychology, sociology, and in the study of morality. Overall, this work suggests  that societies are organisms that progress through a process of evolution similar to that experienced by living species, a concept known to as social Darwinism. In the latter period of his life, Spencer was regarded as the greatest living philosopher of the time. He was able to live off of income from the sale of his books and other writing, and his works were translated into many languages and read all over the world. However, his life took a dark turn in the 1880s, when he switched positions on many of his well-known libertarian political views. Readers lost interest in his new work and Spencer found himself lonely as many of his contemporaries died. In 1902, Spencer received a nomination for the Nobel Prize for literature, but did not win it, and died in 1903 at the age of 83 years old. He was cremated and his ashes interred opposite the grave of Karl Marx in Highgate Cemetery in London. Major Publications Social Statics: The Conditions Essential to Human Happiness (1850)Education (1854)The Principles of Psychology (1855)The Principles of Sociology (1876-1896)The Data of Ethics (1884)The Man Versus the State (1884) Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Holidays of Spanish-Speaking Countries

If youre traveling to a Spanish-speaking area, one thing to consider is the countrys fiestas, holidays and other celebrations. On the positive side, you may get an opportunity for an upclose look at the countrys culture and a chance to participate in activities youll see nowhere else; on the other hand, with some of the more important holidays, businesses may be closed, public transportation may crowded and hotel rooms may be difficult to reserve. Spring Holidays Because of the Roman Catholic heritage, in nearly all the Spanish-speaking world la Semana Santa, or Holy Week, the week before Easter, is among the most widely celebrated of holidays. Specific days observed include el Domingo de Ramos, or Palm Sunday, a celebration of Jesus triumphal entry into Jerusalem before his death; el Jueves Santo, which commemorates la Última Cena de Jesà ºs (the Last Supper); el Viernes Santo, or Good Friday, marking the day of Jesus death; and the weeks climax, el Domingo de Pascua or la Pascua de Resurreccià ³n, or Easter, a celebration of Jesus Resurrection. The dates of la Semana Santa vary from year to year. Las Fallas de Valencia, the Festival of Fire, is celebrated from March 15 to March 19 in Valencia, Spain. Winter Holidays La Navidad, or Christmas, is also universally celebrated on December 25. Related days include la Nochebuena (Christmas Eve, December 24), el dà ­a de san Esteban (St. Stephens Day, honoring the man traditionally believed to be the first Christian martyr, on December 26), el dà ­a de san Juan Evangelista (St. Johns Day, on December 27), el dà ­a de los Santos Inocentes (Day of the Innocents, honoring the babies who, according to the Bible, were ordered slaughtered by King Herod, December 28) and el dà ­a de la Sagrada Familia (the Day of the Holy Family, observed the Sunday after Christmas), culminating in la Epifanà ­a (January 6, Epiphany, the 12th day of Christmas, marking the day los magos or Wise Men arrived to see the infant Jesus). In the middle of all this is el Aà ±o Nuevo, or New Years, which typically is celebrated beginning on el Nocheviejo, or New Years Eve. Independence Holidays Most Latin American countries also celebrate an Independence Day to mark the day of separation from Spain or, in a few cases, some other country. Among the dà ­as de la independencia are February 12 (Chile), Feb. 27 (Dominican Republic), May 24 (Ecuador), July 5 (Venezuela), July 9 (Argentina), July 20 (Colombia), July 28 (Peru), August 6 (Bolivia), August 10 (Ecuador), August 25 (Uruguay), September 15 (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua), September 16 (Mexico) and November 28 (Panama). Spain, meanwhile, celebrates its Dà ­a de la Constitucià ³n (Constitution Day) on December 6. Other Days of Celebration: Dà ­a del Trabajo or Dà ­a del Trabajador — May Day or Labor Day is widely observed on May 1.Fiesta Nacional de Espaà ±a — This day, observed on October 12, marks the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas. It also goes by other names, including la Fiesta de la Hispanidad. In Latin America, it is often known as el Dà ­a de la Raza.Cinco de Mayo — This Mexican celebration marking a victory in the Battle of Puebla has been exported to the United States, where it is more widely observed than in Mexico.Dà ­a de la Asuncià ³n — A day commemorating the Assumption of Mary is observed in some countries on August 15.Dà ­a de la Revolucià ³n — Mexico celebrates the start of the Mexican Revolution on the third Monday of November.Dà ­a de Todos Santos — All Saints Day is widely observed on November 1.

Discuss Smith s Ideas On The Division Of Labour - 1073 Words

Explain and Evaluate Smith’s Ideas on the Division of Labour: †¢ A core part of dominant ideology is the split between state and market – is this valid? Is this true? One of Adam Smith’s main focuses was the problem of the relationship between money and the state. Adam Smith can be seen as pioneering in questioning the role of the state, as he was seemingly the first to propose a systematic model of the economy that was independent of the state. He attempts to explain how society should organise economics from the perspective of what is naturally occurring. In doing this he finds that what should be and what can be are profoundly interlinked. This revolutionary thinking went against mercantilism, which was the dominant approach of the time period. Mercantilism can be understood as an economic model that was characterized by government intervention. Mercantilism was an alliance between merchants and the state that was premised on increasing the power and wealth of the state through growing certain sections of the economy. It was formed by the concerns of the time, such as a need to maintain new and expensive militaries, the rise of the nation-state, and crises and shortages of money. Adam Smith’s wrote The Wealth of Nations (1776) primarily as an attack on the economic mercantilist system of the day. Smith aimed to demolish the mercantilist beliefs that money was an end, and that the accumulation of wealth could be identified with the accumulation of money, and to understandShow MoreRelatedThe Communist Manifesto : Socialism And Communism1175 Words   |  5 Pages In order to discuss the different ways in which economists considered societies could resolve the economic calculation problem and the implications of the economic calculation debate it is important to consider different view points of influential economists from all over the world. Revolutionary socialist Karl Marx believed that the economic calculation problem should be solved adopting a communist approach; he expressed his ideas in his most notable work â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† in 1848. MarxRead MoreThe Great Ideas Of Thomas Hobbes Leviathan, And Adam Smith s The Wealth Of Nations1083 Words   |  5 Pageshile there are many big ideas in Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan, and Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations, the most important ideas deal with human nature and social order. In this paper, I will argue Hobbes’ lack of optimism, and Smith’s lack of pessimism in their theories of human nature, and will also discuss how our idea of social order changes once these aspects are taken into consideration. Hobbes’ theory of human nature begins with him stating that all men are created equal. With all men beingRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes Leviathan And Adam Smith s The Wealth Of Nations1852 Words   |  8 Pages Most important among the many big ideas in Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan and Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations are those that deal with human nature and how to create and maintain social order. In this paper, I will argue Hobbes’ lack of optimism, and Smith’s lack of pessimism in their theories of human nature, and will also discuss how our idea of social order changes once these aspects are taken into consideration. Hobbes’ theory of human nature begins with the statement that all men are createdRead MoreRole Of The Standard Employment Relationship1496 Words   |  6 Pageseconomy paying particular attention to the issues of Canadian immigration and labour policy and migrant labour as discussed by Harsha Walia. Furthermore it will look at the history of the standard employment relationship and drastic changes that have occurred in the Canadian labour market due to deregulation and other neoliberal principles brought about by federal and provincial policy changes. This will give one an idea of the systemic change that has occurred over time in the Canadian economy. NeoliberalismRead MoreArgument For Corporate Social Responsibility1082 Words   |  5 Pagesresponsibility. 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There has been a change in company culture since the 1930’s due to the rise of service industries and the steady decline of manufacturing. Management style affects both company cultureRead MoreThomas Hobbes And Adam Smith2516 Words   |  11 Pageseither negligible or completely non-existent. Within this debate, two thinkers, Thomas Hobbes and Adam Smith, came down with complex arguments on the equality of human beings. This essay will begin by walking through the argument of each influential thinkers. After establishing the argument of each writer the essay will then make the argument that Thomas Hobbes has a greater commitment to the idea of natural equality based off his that even though natural differences exist these are so negligible that

The Original Position And The Veil Of Ignorance - 1411 Words

1. Explain Rawls on the original position and the veil of ignorance. State Rawls’ two principles of justice. Explain why persons in the original position would choose each of the two principles. Explain Rawls on the original positions and the veil of ignorance: Rawls’ idea of the original position is to set up a fair procedure so that any principles agreed to by society will be just principles. His original position is an initial situation where the parties are without information that enables them to tailor principles of justice that would be favorable to themselves personally. He uses the notion of pure procedural justice as a basis for his theory. His intent with the original position is to describe an agreement that is fair among all the parties to a hypothetical social contract. He assumes that if the people who are developing the social contract approach it fairly, free of bias and predisposition, then the principles that they would agree to would be as fair as possible. The two principles of justice that Rawls uses in his original position are intended to develop a procedure which will incorporate pure procedural justice which will result in absolute fairn ess to all citizens without regard to wealth, family name, race, sex, age, etc†¦ Rawls’ â€Å"veil of ignorance† is his method for stripping away information from the decision making process that would prejudice the outcome by introducing inequalities (i.e. wealth, age, etc†¦). His veil aims to QUOOOOTEShow MoreRelatedThe Original Position and the Veil of Ignorance1369 Words   |  6 Pagesan original position in which everyone decides on the rules for society behind a veil of ignorance. In this essay, it will be argued that the veil of ignorance is an important feature of the original position. First, the essay will describe what the veil of ignorance is. Secondly, it will look at what Rawls means by the original position. Thirdly, it will look at why the veil of ignorance is an important feature of the original position. Finally, the essay will present a criticism to the veil ofRead MoreRawls Original Position And Veil Of Ignorance1646 Words   |  7 P agesRawls’ Original Position and Veil of Ignorance Pertaining to Same Sex Unions Charnise Bonhomme University of Central Florida Rawls’ Original Position and Veil of Ignorance Pertaining to Same Sex Unions The in class Rawls assignment focused on justice, and the fairness of how people are treated throughout society. The class, after being broken down into groups, tackled the subjects of why people disagree about what is right, and what is not, and how morals and ethics guides a person’s interest asRead MoreThe Social Contract Account Of Justice By John Rawls1276 Words   |  6 Pages The original position is a major theme in the social contract account of justice by John Rawls. By design, it should be a fair point of view for any person desiring to be impartial in their reasoning, regarding the basic principles of justice (Anderson et al. 2014). When a person adopts this point of view, they imagine themselves in a position of equal persons who are committed to the principles of political and social justice. One of its distinguishing features is the veil of ignorance. In thisRead MoreA Theory Of Justice By John Rawls Essay909 Words   |  4 Pagessuggests rational individuals behind a veil of ignorance would assent to the two primary principles of justice found in Rawls’ ‘A theory of justice’. I will also analyse the extract, in particular debating whether various propositions made by Rawls in this extract are true. Initially it is important to situate the extract of discussion. Section 3 of ‘A theory of justice’ is the opening of Rawls’ argument in ‘A theory of justice’, where he introduces his ‘original position’, stating how rational individualsRead MoreA Theory of Justice by John Rawls771 Words   |  3 PagesOriginal Position â€Æ' John Rawls discusses the original position in his book A Theory of Justice. â€Å"The Original Position and Justification† is a chapter where Rawls persuades his readers into taking the original position seriously. The original position is a position where people are equal and are rational in order to make principles that they live by fair. However, there is a problem with rational decisions being biased, where people will choose principles to benefit themselves. Therefore, the veilRead MoreJohn Rawls : A Theory Of Justice Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesyourself in an original position behind a veil of ignorance. I would say another word for the veil of ignorance can be the curtain of the unknown. I would say the curtain of the unknown because the veil of ignorance is just like a curtain that is put up and behind it no one knows who they are. No one knows their race, their wealth status, their intelligence, their assets, nationality, etc. You know nothing about yourself or yo ur natural abilities. Rawls put the original position behind a veil of ignoranceRead MoreA Theory Of Justice By Rawls1569 Words   |  7 Pagesdoctrines of philosophy. Rawls’ theory, justice as fairness, wishes to take the ideas of traditional social contract theories to a higher level of abstraction. His theory is thoroughly explained through a pre-societal position called the original position, the notion of the veil of ignorance, and the two principles of justice. Rawls starts out by describing the role of justice in a social cooperation and the basic structure of a society. Justice is said to be the first virtue of social institutionsRead Moreveil of ignorance1674 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Position paper â€Å"Argumentatively discuss the strengths and weaknesses of John Rawls’ ‘Veil of Ignorance’ method† In John Rawls A Theory of Justice, he argues that morally, society should be constructed politically as if we were all behind a veil of ignorance; that is, the rules and precepts of society should be constructed as if we had no prior knowledge of our future wealth, talents, and social status, and could be placed in any other persons societal position (Velasquez, 2008). 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Throughout the entire passage moral theories, specifically about justice are discussed, Rawls explains a way of creating a society that is just and fair. Should there be a type of veil on the principals

Empirical Investigation of Deception †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Empirical Investigation of Deception. Answer: Introduction: Divorce or separations in a marriage situation is an issue affecting characters in this position due to the dilemma they face during the sharing of assets and finances after divorce(Chiappori 2002). Depending on the time couples spend in marriages, financial sharing becomes an issue to consider upon dissolution. Every party should benefit from the separation especially if they do not have kids who complicate the situation Marriage agreements in the event of divorce depend on the time made and the kind of contribution each of the parties. However, the law states that in case of a divorce, the couple making more money regardless of their gender is mandated to contribute for spouse maintenance to ensure the wellbeing of the lower paid. It is the right of each partner to benefit from a divorce situation by the fair sharing of properties and finances(Constable 2003). There are therefore some agreements and contracts signed before or after marriage to secure the parties even in the event of a loss. If for example the deal is approved before marriage, the union might be considered as a contractual marriage(Chiappori 2002). Agreements after the wedding are different in such a way that the first intention was not money and therefore the court can be fair when dealing with financial disputes. In the case of Susan, it is her right to ask for more financial support from her advice upon divorce as he earns more and also possesses more assets. Despite the agreement to take a certain amount of money after divorce, she is entitled to more. It is not even under the law to have such like an agreement as marriage is a great responsibility that deserves more appreciation under the law(Constable 2003). The main reason as to why Tom might have asked for such a commitment is because he knows that his wife is worth more upon divorce and did not want to give more Marriage agreements provide more benefit to the couple with less wealth as they have to be supported in the case of a divorce by getting some share of the finances owned by their partner according to the law. Consumer purchase rights act to protect a buyer from binding themselves to a deal before signing any contracts or making the first payments. They can even decide to change their minds and request a different item or cancel their order even after starting their payments(Reform 2010). An individual becomes responsible for an item when they receive it safely from the supplier or seller. During the process of deal-making or transportation, the company is responsible for anything that might happen to their products as they would have to suffer any profits or losses(Reform 2010). When a client has booked a product at lets say $2, and another one comes before the consumer get their order with a higher offer like $4, then the business is allowed to take up this new order. The same way for the consumer, they can change their minds or get a better offer with another supplier after they have already ordered with the previous business. Neither the buyer or the seller is legally limited to have a change of mind even after agreeing except if there is already a down payment or full payment of the goods(Jensen 2005). Steve has a right to choose a product somewhere else despite the improvements that Jason had done on the car to meet his demands. The visits were only unofficial, and there were no deals made or contracts made concerning the purchase(Jensen 2005). It is possible that Steve goes a better deal on the same, or changed preference. Since he had not paid any money for the product, then he was not bound to buying that product. Consumer rights Act protects the buyer from getting forced to purchase a product just because the supplier claim to have to spend a lot to meet their demands before they made a payment. The law protects any individual who gets hurt from a careless practice from either another individual or an organization. Activities involving food should always be conducted under the highest hygiene and consideration to prevent any adverse issues that might result from carelessness(Draper 2002). If you happen to prepare food that is of a contrary impact on the users, then you are held accountable for what might happen to them. So many people have used hotels for food poisoning or food-related diseases as a result of their services and obtained justice and compensation from a court of law(Ergnl 2013). It might, however, depend on whether the party to blame had an idea that their operations could hurt the recipients. Carl was wrong to cook with no experience of cleaning the type of Fish which ended up poisoning his fried Harry. If Harry wants to file a lawsuit against his friend, then he has all the rights because such actions can lead to worse situations later hospitalization, like death(Draper 2002). Conclusion Every consumer is protected against careless activities from others which might end up harming them by regulations that allow them to follow legal procedures and obtain justice. A business should ensure that their advertisement of a particular product matches the properties of resulting item. Exaggerated advertisements or branding might raise consumer expectations and motivate them to make a purchase only to be disappointed(Beauchamp 2004). The law allows for compensation if a consumer is previously misled by a products branding or advertisement. That means that the product they get at the end of the day is not the one they ordered for as there was a misleading information(Grazioli 2000). The public or a specific individual can decide to sue the company for false advertisements and low-quality delivery. Bettys rights were violated because she ordered for a high quality phone with features that were interesting to her only to receive lower than that(Beauchamp 2004). If she is not ready to take this product delivered, then she has a right to push for a refund because the law protects consumers from deception. Apple is in danger of business misconduct because their actions can be described as deception which is against the ethics of operations. References Beauchamp, T.L, 2004, Ethical theory and business. Chiappori, P.A., 2002, ' Marriage market, divorce legislation, and household labor supply. ', Journal of political Economy, pp. 110(1), pp.37-72. Constable, N, 2003, ' A transnational perspective on divorce and marriage: Filipina wives and workers', Global Studies in Culture and Power, pp. 10(2), pp.163-180. Draper, A., 2002, ' Food safety and consumers: constructions of choice and risk. ', Social Policy Administration, vol 36(6), pp. pp.610-625. Ergnl, B, 2013, 'Consumer awareness and perception to food safety: a consumer analysis.', Food control, vol 32(2), pp. pp.461-471. Grazioli, S.A., 2000, 'Perils of Internet fraud: An empirical investigation of deception and trust with experienced Internet consumers.', vol 30(4), no. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part A: Systems and Humans, , pp. pp.395-410. Jensen, S, 2005, ' A legislative history of the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005', pp. 79, p.485. Reform, D.F., 2010, ' Consumer Protection Act. Public Law', , pp. 111, p.203.

General Characteristics Of Network Governance Commerce Essay Example For Students

General Characteristics Of Network Governance Commerce Essay Modern societies went in recent decennaries through a destabilization period of the traditional government mechanisms which led to the outgrowth of new administration agreements ( van Kersbergen A ; van Waarden, 2004, p.143 ) . This so called shift in administration occurred because of several grounds ; the ideological displacement towards markets, the outgrowth of new public direction, globalization and the ideological displacement towards private histrions duty are illustrations of this. This means that administration has become more and more of import the last twosome of decennaries, but despite this there are assorted significances of the construct administration and a clear significance is losing. A clear common is that they all refer to dealingss among persons, groups and organisations and that they describe and analyze so called shifts in administration ( van Kersbergen A ; van Waarden, 2004, p.144 ) . The displacements in administration have occurred at three degrees ; the macro, micro and meso degree. The macro degree refers to the degree of the province. In this manner the construct of administration refers to the promotion of solid and sustainable economic development which consists of an efficient authorities, an effectual civil society and a successful private sector. The micro degree is more specific and refers to the degree of an organisation. It comprises a set of procedures, imposts, policies, Torahs and establishments which affect the manner a corporation is managed. Besides the relationships among the stakeholders which are involved is of import in this. The last degree, the meso degree is besides called the inter-organizational degree. It refers to the guidance of society through the coordination of public and non-public histrions in web constructions and is a typical illustration of the development from authorities to administration ( Klok, 2011, HC1-sheet5-7 ) . In t his paper the focal point will be on the municipality and the possible cooperation with public and non-public histrions in the specific policy field. Therefore the focal point in this memo will be on the meso-level of administration. At the meso degree three manners of administration can be distinguished as is being argued by new wave Heffen and Klok ( 2000 ) . They refer to manners like hierarchies, markets and webs as action spheres. The hierarchy is characterized by a uni-centric action sphere which consists of governments and citizens. In this instance the governments have the freedom to do determinations assigned to place by constitution legal regulations which are in conformity with processs. The citizens on the other manus have the freedom to utilize their civil rights besides in relation to governments. A market action sphere is characterized by Sellerss and purchasers where there is the freedom to move on ain belongings which is limited merely by constitutional and general legal regulations. In this instance the collection is a bilateral understanding and self-generated through single action and monetary value scene. Following to this a market is characterized by a exchange of goods through payment and i s produced by personal involvement. The last manner of administration are webs which are characterized by members and non-members. The boundaries of a web can be restrictive or non-restrictive, this depends on the determinations members make. In a web members with specific places can hold specific authorization, but members are largely included in corporate determinations. Non-members have no specific authorization, merely as a citizen. A web is besides characterized by interconnection among the members and a mix of common ( members merely ) and personal involvement ( Van Heffen A ; Klok, 2000, p.4 ) . If a closer expression on networking is proved, it can be said that networking refers to the ability of histrions to develop comparatively stable, sometimes informal, dealingss. With these dealingss it will be possible for the histrions to do determinations or to organize actions by dialogue and consensus edifice. In this manner histrions can do the strategic pick to web because of common dockets or because of the fact that corporate action can carry through specific ends. Another of import feature of networking is the fact that the web members contribute different resources to go more effectual or efficient which is sometimes aimed towards legitimacy and invention ( van Heffen A ; Klok, 2000 ) . Outline1 Which factors should play a function in make up ones minding to put in web administration ( or non to make so ) ?2 Which benefits might be expected from web administration, but besides which jobs might happen?3 Which facets should be considered when doing existent agreements for web administration, in order to maximise benefits and minimise jobs? Which factors should play a function in make up ones minding to put in web administration ( or non to make so ) ? There are different factors which determine for an histrion, in this instance the municipality, whether to web or non to web. This can depend on the other histrions involved, on which activities an histrion wants to web and to what extent or the degree of liberty an histrion is prepared to web ( Hay A ; Richards, 2000, p.17-18 ) . Other illustrations of factors which determine whether an histrion is prepared to web are effectivity, efficiency and legitimacy. An of import facet of these factors is that they are driven by the construction vs. bureau argument. This argument is approximately two sort of ways how webs are created. On the one manus it is argued that webs are created from structural dealingss between histrions, besides called resource or result mutuality. Given these conditions, web constructions will develop and histrions will move harmonizing to these constructions. In this manner webs can be seen as objects and they have an consequence on an histrion s public presentati on. On the other manus it is argued that webs are created from the strategic picks histrions make in make up ones minding to web or non. In this context, webs develop because of histrions picks to put in the webs and act harmonizing to the web s logic. Networks are because of this seen as procedures in action and are, in contradiction to the construction position, the dependant variable ( Klok, 2011, HC2-sheet14 ) . The Rise And Fall Of Hitler Re EssayIn footings of answerability web administration can besides take to jobs. With the entrance of new histrions in a web it might be ill-defined who is responsible for what and it will go more hard to keep the responsible organisation accountable for its actions. As new wave Kersbergen and van Waarden province in their article a effect of the displacements in authorization of and within administration mechanisms might be that traditional instruments for control of power may go less effectual ( van Kersbergen A ; van Waarden, 2004, p.157 ) . Because of this ground it is as a municipality of import to find how to cover with this facet of answerability and in which extent you want to be accountable for the actions of another histrion in the web. Which facets should be considered when doing existent agreements for web administration, in order to maximise benefits and minimise jobs? After it is being decided to web, it is of import to pay attending on how the web should looks like and which facets should be considered when doing existent agreements for web administration. Provan and Kenis ( 2007 ) supply a model on this in which they provide three signifiers of administration. The first signifier of administration is a participant-governed web in which administration is extremely decentralized, all organisations are equal and no distinguishable administrative entity is present. The 2nd signifier of administration is a lead organization-governed web in which one organisation is the lead organisation which coordinates all network-level activities. The 3rd manner of administration is a web administrative organisation ( NAO ) . In this web an administrative entity is established to regulate the web and is hence extremely brokered, with the NAO as the web agent, and externally governed by the NAO ( Provan A ; Kenis, 2007, p.6-8 ) . The pick on which administration s ignifier to take for a web depends on several factors like trust, the figure of participants, end consensus and the demand for network-level competences. Shared administration is for illustration the most suited signifier of administration when there is a high denseness of trust, there are a few participants, the end consensus is high and the demand for network-level competences is low ( Provan A ; Kenis, 2007, p.9 ) . Besides Sydow and Windeler ( 2003 ) argue which aspects should be considered when doing existent agreements for web administration but alternatively of Provan and Kenis ( 2007 ) they focus more on the requirements of organizing a web. These requirements are trust, control and cognition, which go manus in manus with each other and each requires the being of the other. However, the relationship between these requirements is besides characterized by tensenesss and contradictions. To exemplify this interrelation of trust, cognition and control Sydow and Windeler ( 2003 ) make usage of the structuration theory. The dealingss between trust, cognition and control are mutual and can hold a positive every bit good as a negative influence on each other in the manner that it enables and restrains the capableness of agents to move. Because of this direction of the tensenesss and contradictions between the requirements is important for effectual web administration ( Sydow A ; Windeler, 2003 ) . Besides the old described facets which should be taken into consideration when doing existent agreements for web administration, it is besides of import to pay attending to the facet of citizen engagement. Particularly for a municipality it is of import to promote citizen engagement and affect citizens in webs. Lowndes et Al ( 2006 ) provide in their article a diagnostic tool which describes the factors act uponing citizen engagement. This diagnostic tool is based on the CLEAR-model, which states that citizen engagement is most effectual when several demands are met. The first demand is that citizens can take part, this means they have the resources and cognition to take part. The 2nd demand is that citizens like to take part in the manner that they have a sense of fond regard that reinforces engagement. The 3rd refers to the fact that citizens are enabled or have the chance to take part. The 4th demand is that citizens are asked to take part by official organic structures or volunta ry groups. The last demand refers to the fact that there is being responded to citizens engagement, this means that citizens see grounds that their positions have been considered and their input is being appreciated. Particularly for a municipality it is of import to pay attending to these demands when one wants to promote citizen engagement and affect citizens in webs. By making this, besides legitimacy as being discussed earlier can be increased ( Lowndes, Pratchett A ; Stoker, 2006 ) .